![]() The number of cells can be varied according to the voltage of a single cell. The four lithium-ion cells of 3.6 V connected in series will give you 14.4 V, and this configuration is called 4S because four cells are connected in series. The series configuration is achieved by connecting the positive of a cell to the negative of another cell, as shown in the image below. ![]() The series configuration is used where the voltage of a single cell is not sufficient. Li-manganese and other lithium-based systems often use cell voltages of 3.7 V and higher. Li-phosphate is 3.2 V, and Li-titanate is 2.4 V. ![]() The other lithium-based battery has a voltage between 3.0 V to 3.9 V. A nickel-based battery has a nominal voltage of 1.2 V, and an alkaline battery has a nominal voltage of about 1.5 V. The image below shows the single-cell configuration of the li-ion battery.Īs we have seen, the nominal voltage of a single Li-ion cell is 3.6 V. Mobile phones and tablets are also available in a single-cell configuration of a 3.6 V Li-ion battery. These all are low-power devices, so they use a 1.5 V alkaline battery. This configuration is available in a wall clock, memory backup, and wristwatch. The single-cell configuration is the simplest battery pack. The weaker cell also discharges and charge first, which also cause a problem like over-discharge and over-charge in the device. In a series configuration, the battery is as strong as the weak link in the battery chain, so the higher capacity cell cannot charge more than the weaker cell. The battery connected in the configuration should have the same voltage and capacity because the weaker cell causes an imbalance.
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